Logic  1. The study of the principles of reasoning, especially of the structure of propositions as distinguished from their content and of method and validity in deductive reasoning.

2.a. A system of reasoning: Aristotle's logic.
b. A mode of reasoning: By that logic, we should sell the company tomorrow.
c. The formal, guiding principles of a discipline, school, or science.

3. Valid reasoning: Your paper lacks the logic to prove your thesis.

4. The relationship between elements and between an element and the whole in a set of objects, individuals, principles, or events: There's a certain logic to the motion of rush-hour traffic.

5. Computer Science. a. The nonarithmetic operations performed by a computer, such as sorting, comparing, and matching, that involve yes-no decisions.
b. Computer circuitry.
c. Graphic representation of computer circuitry.
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To collect; with derivatives meaning “to speak.”
 

Reason 1. The basis or motive for an action, a decision, or a conviction. See Usage Note at because. See Usage Note at why.

2. A declaration made to explain or justify an action, a decision, or a conviction: inquired about her reason for leaving.

3. An underlying fact or cause that provides logical sense for a premise or an occurrence: There is reason to believe that the accused did not commit this crime.

4. The capacity for logical, rational, and analytic thought; intelligence.

5. Good judgment; sound sense. 6. A normal mental state; sanity: He has lost his reason.

7. Logic. A premise, usually the minor premise, of an argument.

1. To use the faculty of reason; think logically.

2. To talk or argue logically and persuasively.

3. Obsolete. To engage in conversation or discussion..

1. To determine or conclude by logical thinking: reasoned out a solution to the problem.

2. To persuade or dissuade (someone) with reasons. --idioms. by reason of. Because of. in reason. With good sense or justification; reasonably. within reason. Within the bounds of good sense or practicality. with reason. With good cause; justifiably.
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SYNONYMS: reason, intuition, understanding, judgment. These nouns refer to the intellectual faculty by means of which human beings seek or attain knowledge or truth. Reason is the power to think rationally and logically and to draw inferences: “the rationalist whose reason is not sufficient to teach him those limitations of the powers of conscious reason” (Friedrich August von Hayek). “Mere reason is insufficient to convince us of its [the Christian religion's] veracity” (David Hume). Intuition is perception or comprehension, as of truths or facts, without the use of the rational process: “Because of their age-long training in human relations—for that is what feminine intuition really is—women have a special contribution to make to any group enterprise” (Margaret Mead). Understanding is the faculty by which one understands, often together with the comprehension resulting from its exercise: “So long as the human heart is strong and the human reason weak, Royalty will be strong because it appeals to diffused feeling, and Republics weak because they appeal to the understanding” (Walter Bagehot). “The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding” (Louis D. Brandeis). Judgment is the ability to assess situations or circumstances and draw sound conclusions: “my salad days,/When I was green in judgment” (Shakespeare). “At twenty years of age, the will reigns; at thirty, the wit; and at forty, the judgment” (Benjamin Franklin). See also Synonyms at cause, mind, think.

Reasoning 1. Use of reason, especially to form conclusions, inferences, or judgments.

2. Evidence or arguments used in thinking or argumentation.
1. The basis or motive for an action, a decision, or a conviction. See Usage Note at because. See Usage Note at why.

2. A declaration made to explain or justify an action, a decision, or a conviction: inquired about her reason for leaving.

3. An underlying fact or cause that provides logical sense for a premise or an occurrence: There is reason to believe that the accused did not commit this crime.

4. The capacity for logical, rational, and analytic thought; intelligence.

5. Good judgment; sound sense. 6. A normal mental state; sanity: He has lost his reason.

7. Logic. A premise, usually the minor premise, of an argument. --

 1. To use the faculty of reason; think logically.

2. To talk or argue logically and persuasively.

3. Obsolete. To engage in conversation or discussion. --tr.

1. To determine or conclude by logical thinking: reasoned out a solution to the problem.

2. To persuade or dissuade (someone) with reasons. --idioms. by reason of. Because of. in reason. With good sense or justification; reasonably. within reason. Within the bounds of good sense or practicality. with reason. With good cause; justifiably.  past participle of , to consider, think.
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SYNONYMS: reason, intuition, understanding, judgment. These nouns refer to the intellectual faculty by means of which human beings seek or attain knowledge or truth. Reason is the power to think rationally and logically and to draw inferences: “the rationalist whose reason is not sufficient to teach him those limitations of the powers of conscious reason” (Friedrich August von Hayek). “Mere reason is insufficient to convince us of its [the Christian religion's] veracity” (David Hume). Intuition is perception or comprehension, as of truths or facts, without the use of the rational process: “Because of their age-long training in human relations—for that is what feminine intuition really is—women have a special contribution to make to any group enterprise” (Margaret Mead). Understanding is the faculty by which one understands, often together with the comprehension resulting from its exercise: “So long as the human heart is strong and the human reason weak, Royalty will be strong because it appeals to diffused feeling, and Republics weak because they appeal to the understanding” (Walter Bagehot). “The greatest dangers to liberty lurk in insidious encroachment by men of zeal, well-meaning but without understanding” (Louis D. Brandeis). Judgment is the ability to assess situations or circumstances and draw sound conclusions: “my salad days,/When I was green in judgment” (Shakespeare). “At twenty years of age, the will reigns; at thirty, the wit; and at forty, the judgment” (Benjamin Franklin). See also Synonyms at cause, mind, think.
1. (n.) Something that produces a result: